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Shakespeare's Othello in music
Shakespeare's Othello - a tragedy of racism, love, jealousy and betrayal - has inspired numerous operas, ballets, films and literary adaptations.
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1. Rossini's Otello - with an added happy ending
Rossini’s rarely performed three act opera of Otello, was first performed in Naples on 4 December 1816. Rossini deviates from Shakespeare's original in a few places – it is set in Venice rather than Cyprus, Iago is not so much of a monster, and it has a happy ending.
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2. Verdi's masterpiece
Verdi and his librettist Boito turned to Shakespeare for Verdi's penultimate opera, considered by many to be his greatest. Their boldest gesture was to cut Act One of the play. Italian operatic tenor Mario del Monaco, pictured, made Otello his trademark role.
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3. Maria Malibran - both Desdemona and Otello
The legendary mezzo-soprano Maria Malibran sang Desdemona in Verdi's Otello. 'Ah! That wonderful creature!' Verdi said of her, '...she outshone all other women I have known.' She was so talented, it appears, that she could sing the roles of both Desdemona and of Otello.
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4. Domingo as Verdi's Otello
Franco Zeffirelli's 1986 film version of Verdi's opera starred Plácido Domingo as Otello. Laurence Olivier reportedly saw Domingo in the role and, in a mock-furious voice, told the director, ‘You realise that Domingo plays Othello as well as I do, and he has that voice!’
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5. Othello in Mexico
Bandanna, an English language opera with words by Irish poet Paul Muldoon and music by Daron Hagen, is set in 1968 on the United States–Mexican border. It borrows elements from both Shakespeare's play and Verdi's opera, Otello.
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6. A ballet with Purcell's music
In 1949, Mexican choreographer José Limón created a 20-minute, four character ballet called The Moor's Pavane to the music of Henry Purcell. It has become standard repertoire for dance companies around the world and notable interpreters of the lead role included Rudolf Nureyev.
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7. A hit ballet in Hamburg
This ballet was choreographed by John Neumeier to music by Arvo Pärt and others and was premiered by the Hamburg Ballet on 27 January 1985. The work remains in the repertoire of the Hamburg Ballet, and had its 100th performance in 2008. Photo: Stuttgarter Ballett
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8. Movie maestro Elliot Goldenthal's version
In 2002, modern dance choreographer Lar Lubovitch created a full-length ballet in three acts based on Shakespeare’s play with a score by film music composer, Elliot Goldenthal.
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9. The Hindi version
'Omkara' is a film version of Othello in Hindi set in Uttar Pradesh. The film was directed by Vishal Bhardwaj who also wrote the music. He earlier adapted Macbeth as Maqbool. All characters in the film share the same letter or sound in their first name as in the original Shakespeare play. It is one of the few mainstream Indian movies to contain uncensored language.
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10. Willard White in a speaking role
Trevor Nunn's 1989 version of Shakespeare’s play, filmed at Stratford-upon-Avon, unusually cast opera singer Willard White in the title role, opposite Ian McKellen as Iago.
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11. Dvořák's Othello Overture
Dvořák's Othello is the final part of a triptych of overtures. The composer sketched out a scenario on the score which begins with Othello and Desdemona embracing, depicts him murdering her and then killing himself. Cheery stuff.
